The construction industry has by far the biggest sand footprint in the world, claiming one third of its 40 billion-ton-a-year consumption. With the current surge in construction activity at the global level, and notably in Asia, this consumer trend shows no sign of abating. As a consequence, there is international recognition that natural sand reserves and the eco systems of which they are a crucial regulating element, need to be maintained.
Read MoreWater absorption is an important parameter of concrete. If water absorption is high, then the water cement ratio is also high, and the consumption of cement is high. If the silt percentage is high in fine aggregate, then the water absorption is also high but in washed manufacture sand the silt percentage is in limit as per IS 383-: 1970. Water cement ratio depends on water absorption. By experimental data we can see the water absorption of unwashed sand is between 2.5– 3% whereas in washed sand the water absorption is between 2 – 2.5%.
Read MoreThe construction industry has by far the biggest sand footprint in the world, claiming one third of its 40 billion-ton-a-year consumption. With the current surge in construction activity at the global level, and notably in Asia, this consumer trend shows no sign of abating. As a consequence, there is international recognition that natural sand reserves and the eco systems of which they are a crucial regulating element, need to be maintained.
Read MoreWhen water is added to sand, by the absorption effect, a thin film of water is formed around the sand particles. The film exerts surface tension on particles making them move apart. This leads to increase in volume because there is no direct contact between particles...
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